Weight status related to Dental Caries in Children Attending Pediatric Clinics at the College of Dentistry, Uruk University
Yazarlar
Dental caries (often referred to as tooth decay) represents a major health issue for children worldwide. It stands as one of the most common chronic diseases in pediatric demographics, impacting millions of youngsters annually. Body mass index is an anthropometric measurement which measures weight relative to the height, The relationship between weight loss and tooth decay has become a controversial health issue in various countries, diet among overweight or obesity children may be a common risk factor for overweight children and dental caries.This study aims to investigate and analyse the relationship between weight status and dental caries in children. This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at the pediatric clinic located in the College of Dentistry (Uruk University, Iraq) from April 2023 to June 2023. It involved a sample of 100 children ranging in age from 4 to 14 years, categorized into four distinct groups: underweight, overweight, at-risk weight and healthy weight, with 25 children in each group. The Body Mass Index was calculated; however, dental caries were assessed using the decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs/DMFS) index, in accordance with WHO criteria. The study revealed that there were no difference in mean value of tooth decay across the four weight categories. However, noticeable disparities in body mass index (BMI) were evident among the groups (p = 0.000). In the group, a negative relationship between BMI and dmfs was identified; on the other hand, a positive connection was observed between BMI and DMFS in the underweight group. weight status influences dental caries in children. Underweight children showed a trend of higher caries in primary teeth, while at risk weight children exhibited fewer caries in permanent teeth. Weight status affects caries differently depending on weight categories. This suggests that both low and high weight may impact tooth development and susceptibility to caries through different factors.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Dental caries- Nutrition- BMI- DMFS- dmfs[1] D. Ozdemir, “Dental Caries : The Most Common Disease Worldwide and Preventive Strategies,” Int J Biol, vol. 5, no. 4, Sep. 2013, doi: 10.5539/ijb.v5n4p55.
[2] F. Earls and M. Carlson, “The Social Ecology of Child Health and Well-Being,” Annu Rev Public Health, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 143–166, May 2001, doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.143.
[3] P. Moynihan and P. E. Petersen, “Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases,” Public Health Nutr, vol. 7, no. 1a, pp. 201–226, Feb. 2004, doi: 10.1079/PHN2003589.
[4] M. Jevtic, J. Pantelinac, T. Jovanovic-Ilic, V. Petrovic, O. Grgic, and L. Blazic, “The role of nutrition in caries prevention and maintenance of oral health during pregnancy,” Med Pregl, vol. 68, no. 11–12, pp. 387–393, 2015, doi: 10.2298/MPNS1512387J.
[5] C. A. Feldens, P. F. Kramer, and F. Vargas-Ferreira, “The Role of Diet and Oral Hygiene in Dental Caries,” in Pediatric Restorative Dentistry, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 31–55. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-93426-6_4.
[6] N. Tinanoff and C. A. Palmer, “Dietary Determinants of Dental Caries and Dietary Recommendations for Preschool Children,” J Public Health Dent, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 197–206, Sep. 2000, doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03328.x.
[7] F. V. Zohoori, “Chapter 1: Nutrition and Diet,” 2020, pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1159/000455365.
[8] M. Dimopoulou, M. Antoniadou, M. Amargianitakis, O. Gortzi, O. Androutsos, and T. Varzakas, “Nutritional Factors Associated with Dental Caries across the Lifespan: A Review,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 24, p. 13254, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3390/app132413254.
[9] M. de Onis, “Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents,” Bull World Health Organ, vol. 85, no. 09, pp. 660–667, Sep. 2007, doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.043497.
[10] N. Jürgensen and P. E. Petersen, “Promoting oral health of children through schools–Results from a WHO global survey 2012,” Community Dent Health, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 204–218, 2013.
[11] W. H. O. Consultation, “Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic,” World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, vol. 894, pp. 1–253, 2000.
[12] A. Berghöfer, T. Pischon, T. Reinhold, C. M. Apovian, A. M. Sharma, and S. N. Willich, “Obesity prevalence from a European perspective: a systematic review,” BMC Public Health, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 200, Dec. 2008, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-200.
[13] T. Lobstein and M. ‐L. Frelut, “Prevalence of overweight among children in Europe,” Obesity Reviews, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 195–200, Nov. 2003, doi: 10.1046/j.1467-789X.2003.00116.x.
[14] U. Ekelund et al., “Associations between objectively assessed physical activity and indicators of body fatness in 9- to 10-y-old European children: a population-based study from 4 distinct regions in Europe (the European Youth Heart Study),” Am J Clin Nutr, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 584–590, Nov. 2004, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.584.
[15] D. S. Freedman, L. K. Khan, M. K. Serdula, W. H. Dietz, S. R. Srinivasan, and G. S. Berenson, “The Relation of Childhood BMI to Adult Adiposity: The Bogalusa Heart Study,” Pediatrics, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 22–27, Jan. 2005, doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-0220.
[16] A. Yngve et al., “Differences in prevalence of overweight and stunting in 11-year olds across Europe: The Pro Children Study,” The European Journal of Public Health, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 126–130, Dec. 2007, doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckm099.
[17] D. S. Freedman, C. L. Ogden, G. S. Berenson, and M. Horlick, “Body mass index and body fatness in childhood,” Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 618–623, Nov. 2005, doi: 10.1097/01.mco.0000171128.21655.93.
[18] P. E. Petersen, “The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century – the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme,” Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, vol. 31, no. s1, pp. 3–24, Dec. 2003, doi: 10.1046/j..2003.com122.x.
[19] G. D’MELLO, L. CHIA, S. D. HAMILTON, W. M. THOMSON, and B. K. DRUMMON, “Childhood obesity and dental caries among paediatric dental clinic attenders,” Int J Paediatr Dent, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 217–222, May 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01112.x.
[20] L. Sánchez-Pérez, M. Irigoyen, and M. Zepeda, “Dental caries, tooth eruption timing and obesity: a longitudinal study in a group of Mexican schoolchildren,” Acta Odontol Scand, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 57–64, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.3109/00016350903449367.
[21] K. R. Kantovitz, F. M. Pascon, R. M. P. Rontani, M. B. D. Gavião, and F. M. Pascon, “Obesity and dental caries--A systematic review.,” Oral Health Prev Dent, vol. 4, no. 2, 2006.
[22] K. K. Davison and L. L. Birch, “Childhood overweight: a contextual model and recommendations for future research,” Obesity Reviews, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 159–171, Aug. 2001, doi: 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00036.x.
[23] A. Must, S. M. Phillips, D. J. Tybor, K. Lividini, and C. Hayes, “The Association Between Childhood Obesity and Tooth Eruption,” Obesity, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 2070–2074, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1038/oby.2012.23.
[24] L. Hong, A. Ahmed, M. McCunniff, P. Overman, and M. Mathew, “Obesity and Dental Caries in Children Aged 2‐6 Years in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999‐2002,” J Public Health Dent, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 227–233, Sep. 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2008.00083.x.
[25] S. Naidoo, “Oral health and nutrition for children under five years of age: a paediatric food-based dietary guideline,” South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 26, pp. S150–S155, 2013.
[26] B. Willerhausen, M. Blettner, A. Kasaj, and K. Hohenfellner, “Association between body mass index and dental health in 1,290 children of elementary schools in a German city,” Clin Oral Investig, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 195–200, Jul. 2007, doi: 10.1007/s00784-007-0103-6.
[27] A. ALM, C. FÅHRAEUS, L. WENDT, G. KOCH, B. ANDERSSON‐GÄRE, and D. BIRKHED, “Body adiposity status in teenagers and snacking habits in early childhood in relation to approximal caries at 15 years of age,” Int J Paediatr Dent, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 189–196, May 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00906.x.
[28] E. W. Gerdin, M. Angbratt, K. Aronsson, E. Eriksson, and I. Johansson, “Dental caries and body mass index by socio‐economic status in Swedish children,” Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 459–465, Oct. 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00421.x.
[29] T. Modéer, C. C. Blomberg, B. Wondimu, A. Julihn, and C. Marcus, “Association Between Obesity, Flow Rate of Whole Saliva, and Dental Caries in Adolescents,” Obesity, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 2367–2373, Dec. 2010, doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.63.
[30] T. Tuomi, “Pilot study on obesity in caries prediction,” Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 289–291, Dec. 1989, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1989.tb00638.x.
[31] H. Flink, M. Bergdahl, Å. Tegelberg, A. Rosenblad, and F. Lagerlöf, “Prevalence of hyposalivation in relation to general health, body mass index and remaining teeth in different age groups of adults,” Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 523–531, Dec. 2008, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2008.00432.x.
[32] T. A. Marshall, J. M. Eichenberger‐Gilmore, B. A. Broffitt, J. J. Warren, and S. M. Levy, “Dental caries and childhood obesity: roles of diet and socioeconomic status,” Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 449–458, Dec. 2007, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00353.x.
[33] P. Moynihan, Y. Makino, P. E. Petersen, and H. Ogawa, “Implications of WHO Guideline on Sugars for dental health professionals,” Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12353.
[34] R. Touger-Decker and C. van Loveren, “Sugars and dental caries,” Am J Clin Nutr, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 881S-892S, Oct. 2003, doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.4.881S.
[35] H. Achmad, E. Riyanti, R. Primarti, and A. V. Z. Pratiwi, “The Association of Body Mass Index with Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review.,” European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1631–1641, 2021.
[36] Al-Jeboory, A. A., and Y. Z. Farid. “ Natural product chemistry research in Iraq.” Journal port Science Research, vol. 4, no. 1,2021. Available at www.jport.co.
[37] Yaqoob, A. M., and F. S. Manhal. “Frequency of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Beta-Thalassemia Patients in Baghdad City, Iraq.” Journal Port Science Research, vol. 5, no. 1, 2022. Available at www.jport.co.
[38] Abd-Alameer, A. F., and J. J. Kadhim. “Association Between Critical-Care Nurses’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Barriers of Pressure Ulcers With Their Demographical Variables.” Journal Port Science Research, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023. Available at www.jport.co.
[39] Al-Shukry, Abbas H., Zain E. Mansor, and Nada A. Abd Al-Hussein. “Simultaneous Determination of Iron and Copper in Aqueous Solution Using Spectrophotometry.” Journal of Port Science Research 7, no. 1 (2024). Accessed [website URL]
[40] Al-Azzawi, Nawfal N., Maysoon K. Hussein, and Muna I. Khalaf. “Verifying the Association Between IL6 -174G/C Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.” Journal of Port Science Research 7, no. 1 (2024). Accessed [website URL]
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2025 Journal Port Science Research
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
- Yayınlanmış: 2025-03-10
- Sayı: Cilt 8 Sayı 1 (2025): APPLIED MEDICAL SCIENCE
- Bölüm: Articles
